Type 416 (UNS S41600/1.4005)

Description

Overview:

Type 416 stainless steel is martensitic hardenable chromium steel. The added manganese-rich sulfides prevent build up on cutting tools during the machining process and act as chip breakers, making it the highest machinable steel of all stainless steel, with a machinability of 85%. It is a great selection for cutting tools after heat treated.

Although the additional sulphur improves its non-galling characteristics, it reduces corrosion resistance and lowers formability and weldability.

Common Names:

Stainless steel type 416 is commonly known as Chromium steel.

Executive Standards/Grades:

• JIS: SUS 416
• ASTM: A582
• DIN: 1.4005
• UNS: S41600
• SUS: SUS416
• Euronorm: X12CrS13

Chemical Properties:

Type 416 stainless steel has the following chemical composition:

• Carbon – 0.15%
• Manganese – 1.25%
• Chromium – 12-14%
• Sulphur – 0.15%
• Phosphorus – 0.06%
• Silicon – 1.00%
• Iron – 85%
• Nickel – 8.0-10.5%
• Molybdenum – 0.6%

Mechanical Properties:

• Hardness (HRB) – 262
• Elongation (%) – 30
• Yield Strength (Mpa) – 275
• Tensile Strength (Mpa) – 517
• Poisson’s Ratio – 0.27-0.30

Physical Properties:

• Density (x1000 kg/cm3) – 7.8
• Elastic Modulus (GPa) – 200
• Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) – 24.9 at 68°F
• Specific Heat (J/kg.K) – 460 at 68°F
• Electrical Resistivity – 570

Key Features:

• Martensitic free machining stainless steel that can be hardened by heat treatment to obtain high strength and hardness
• Readily used in its highly tempered state
• Better machining characteristics, but lacks in corrosion resistance
• Unsuitable for marine applications or any situations where exposed to chloride
• Provides the highest machinability of any stainless steel.
• Hardened to obtain maximum resistance to corrosion and smooth surface

Forms Available:

Stainless steel type 416 is available in different forms such as:

• Sheet
• Plate
• Bar
• Wire
• Tube

Applications:

Because of its properties, stainless steel type 416 has a wide range of applications including:

• Valves, pump shafts, and motor shafts
• Parts of washing machines
• Gears, bolts, nuts, and studs
• Automatic screw-machined components

Possible Alternatives Grades:

Type 416 stainless steel has some possible alternatives that can be used. Such as:

• 410 – Better corrosion resistance and formability.
• 303 – Better availability. Type 303 is non-hardenable.
• 182 – Better “soft magnetic” performance for solenoid shafts, non-hardenable.

FAQs:

• How is the heat resistance of stainless steel type 416?

Type 416 stainless steel can be annealed at 1500-1650^oF for half an hour, then cooled at 86^oF for an hour and air-cooled. Because type 416 has poor ductility, it should not be tempered at temperatures between 750-1070^oF. The benefit of heat treating type 416 is the increase in material hardness.

• Is type 416 weldable?

Type 416 stainless steel provides poor weldability. For welding, it needs pre-heating at 390-570^oF, then re-hardened, annealed or stress relieved at temperatures of 1200-1250^oF.

• Is type 416 resistant to corrosion?

Type 416 stainless steel provides limited corrosion resistance, but hardening and tempering this type of stainless steel brings corrosion resistance to its optimum.

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